arecaceae lower classifications
However the upper leaves on the long, thin green stems up to 20 ft long, are reflexed to hook themselves to supporing vegetation. 2002. Trachycarpus H. Wendland 1861 This genus includes 8 species of palm trees native to Asia. The crown-shaft is bright green and is topped with four to six arching, pinnate leaves. The inflorescence is a large branched panicle, hanging among the leaves with small, yellowish individual flowers, probably wind pollinated. hyo = pig + phorb = fodder The genus Hyophorbe includes 5 species of palm trees from the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean. In many places the South-Western desert is giving way to palm groves irrigated by scarce ground-water. The Calamoideae are a subfamily of the palm family Arecaceae containing 21 genera and about 620 species. The common name refers to use of the sap boiled down into a syrup (palm honey) or fermented into a beverage (palm wine). Washingtonia palm trees have the classic California-look. We constructed a manually filtered dataset of >20,000 georeferenced Arecaceae records, by eliminating cultivars. The trunk, patterned with leaf scars is crowned with a cluster of pinnate leaves up to 20ft long, the central midrib of which has V-shaped ranks of leaflets up to 2ft long along its length. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. [3] Currently 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known,[4] most of them restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Phoenix sylvestris Roxburgh 1832 (Silver Date Palm, Sugar Date Palm) Name: Latin sylvestris = 'of the forest' This palm tree is very similar to the Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera but not quite so large, growing only 50ft tall. Most species are endemic to Hawaii. Jubaea Kunth 1816 Named for: King Juba II of Mauretania (ca. Dead leaves persist around the stem providing protective felting against excesses of heat or cold. – palm P: Genus Acrocomia Mart. C Ferry & Gómez. The fruits are bitter and inedible. Some indigenous groups living in palm-rich areas use palms to make many of their necessary items and food. Here you will find a large database of palm trees with detailed profile and beautiful photos. Arecaceae Fortnight 1 Aug to 15 Aug 2014. The inflorescence is produced below the leaves, with male and female flowers on separate plants. In humid climates the date crop is of poor quality and tend to fall from the tree prematurely. The stems are decorated with persistent leaf bases and felted with fibrous material. [25] The date palm had a tremendous effect on the history of the Middle East. 50 BC - 19 AD) The genus Jubaea is monotypic for Jubaea chilensis, the Chilean Wine Palm. [15] In the southern hemisphere, the southernmost palm is the Rhopalostylis sapida, which reaches 44°S on the Chatham Islands where an oceanic climate prevails. In most species there is only a thin layer of pulp around the seed but Phoenix dactylifera produces fruit with thick, sweet fruit pulp, the commercially-important date. The first modern species, such as Nypa fruticans and Acrocomia aculeata, appeared 94 Mya, confirmed by fossil Nypa pollen dated to 94 Mya. However, it does not grow well in hot climates. For other uses, see. Tolerates slight frost and has the potential to become invasive. Trachycarpus fortunei Wendland 1861 Syn. The 10ft inflorescence has pale pink flowers, followed by spherical fruit. Phoenix dactylifera is native to North Africa, but at least 8000 years of cultivation has obscured its exact origin, which may have been around the Persian Gulf. The genus Butia includes 20 South American palms with feathery foliage from Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. However, many palms, like some other monocots, do have secondary growth, although because it does not arise from a single vascular cambium producing xylem inwards and phloem outwards, it is often called "anomalous secondary growth".[13]. Today, the palm, especially the coconut palm, remains a symbol of the tropical island paradise. Pritchardia pacifica Seemann & H. Wendland 1862 (Fiji Fan Palm) Name: refers to the area of origin, Pacific Ocean The solitary, thick trunk up to 50ft tall is topped with a cluster of large fan-shaped leaves on long 3ft, smooth petioles. [22] Several species of palms have been identified from flowers preserved in amber, including Palaeoraphe dominicana and Roystonea palaea. Many distinct varieties are grown commercially in Iraq, North Africa, Palestine and in the South-Western USA, especially Southern California and Arizona. The tolerance of Rhapis excelsa to poor light, low humidity and cold makes it common in shops and offices. The specific name is derived from the Binori Reserve Forest. The results strongly showed the Calamoideae are monophyletic, and Ceroxyloideae and Coryphoideae are paraphyletic. Two of the species Hyophorbe lagenicaulis (Bottle Palm), Hyophorbe Verschaffeltii (Spindle Palm) are critically endangered in their habitat but are likely to survive through widespread cultivation as architectural plants. Rhapis excelsa Henry 1930 (Kannon Chiku, Broadleaf Lady Palm) Syn. The Corypha species have the largest inflorescence of any plant, up to 7.5 m tall and containing millions of small flowers. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. Despite appearances, the swollen trunk does not store water and frequent watering is required. Chamaerops excelsa Thunberg 1784 Name: Latin excelsa = tall Rhapis excelsa forms clumps of 12 ft stems, spreading through underground rhyzomes and bearing glossy palmate leaves, which are divided into up to 12 longitudinally-ribbed segments with saw-toothed ends. The genus Livistonia includes 36 species of fan palms. cons. Many can tolerate poor acidic soils. A single date palm can produce 50kg of nutritious fruit every year, an important staple food in North Africa and the Middle East, and is said to have 800 uses besides. By tracing back these diverse characteristics of palms to the basic structures of monocots, palms may be valuable in studying monocot evolution. Crown shafts are often brightly coloured. The inflorescence is a short cluster of small bright yellow flowers carried close to the stem ends, often but not always with male and female flowers on separate plants. It can be grown in sheltered parts of much of Great Britain and similar cool, damp climates. For inhabitants of cooler climates today, palms symbolize the tropics and vacations. It is taken inside for the Winter. Phoenix theophrastii is native to the Mediterranean island of Crete with a limited distribution in Southern Greece, Greek Islands and South-West Turkey. Palm leaves are also valuable to some peoples as a material for thatching, basketry, clothing, and in religious ceremonies (see "Symbolism" below). The name "Palmaceae" is not accepted because the name Arecaceae (and its acceptable alternative Palmae, Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987). The new shoot, in turn, produces an axillary bud and a clustering habit results. The rounded shiny leaves with incompletely separated leaflets become more divided as the plant matures. Named for: Greek natural philosopher Theophrastus of Eresos ca. No dates are produced in the absence of high temperatures. Dead leaves felting the trunk are a fire hazard and are are usually removed from palms planted in towns. Class Liliopsida – Monocotyledons: Subclass Arecidae: Order Arecales: Family Arecaceae – Palm family : Contains 59 Genera and 94 accepted taxa overall : Down one level : Genus Acoelorraphe H. Wendl. Palms are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families. Native to Southern Japan, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands. It is widely grown as an ornamental plant elsewhere including Great Britain where it is hardy to -10°C, except in the most exposed locations. Introduction Arecaceae or Palmae is an ancient and fourth largest family among monocotyledons (Sub-class Spadiciflorae) after Orchidaceae, Poaceae and Liliaceae.Palms are mostly tropical and can be found in all habitats from rain forests, deserts to … Most palms are native to tropical and subtropical climates. Statistics. Florida. The Coryphoideae are the most diverse subfamily, and are a paraphyletic group, meaning all members of the group share a common ancestor, but the group does not include all the ancestor's descendants. The fruit is a drupe with a single elongated, deeply grooved seed. The clusters of small yellow-orange to yellow-green flowers are followed by clusters of yellow or orange fruits. (J. Dransfield & N. Uhl & C. Asmussen & W.J. Of these 2,466 are accepted species names. The Arecaceae are notable among monocots for their height and for the size of their seeds, leaves, and inflorescences. Rhapis excelsa is probably native to Southern China and Taiwan, but is known only from cultivation. The inflorescence of white flowers is produced from the base of the leaves and is followed by large oval green fruits, ripening to black. Areca catechu Linnaeus 1753 (Betel Nut Palm) Areca catechu is the best known palm tree in the genus Areca. The slender green stem grows over 20ft tall. [16], Palms are a monophyletic group of plants, meaning the group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants. Leaves are pinnate. [20], Currently, few extensive phylogenetic studies of the Arecaceae exist. Phoenix theophrastii Greuter 1967 (Cretan Date Palm, Theophrastus' Palm) Named for: Greek natural philosopher Theophrastus of Eresos ca. The lower one (in the axil of which the flower develop) is the flowering glume, which may or may not have at its apex a narrow elongated outgrowth called the awn; the upper one inserted at little above the flowering glume is called Palea. The Romans rewarded champions of the games and celebrated military successes with palm branches. (nom. However, the alkaloid Arecoline has anthelmintic properties (against parasitic worms). This medium-sized palm tree has a slender trunk up to 10ft tall crowned with a tuft of pinnate leaves up to 4ft long, with up to 100 grey-green 10 inch long leaflets in a single plane either side of the midrib. Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien 1889 (Pygmy Date Palm) Named for: German orchid collector Carl Roebelen (1855-1927) who discovered this palm in Laos. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Native to Rodriguez Island. The Plant List includes 7,321 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Arecaceae. Species of Arecaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 187 plant genera. Some clones are hermaphrodites. Calamus stems can reach 200 m in length. Palms are abundant throughout the tropical regions around the world, and are present in almost every type of habitat in the tropics. The trunk supports a crown of leaves with a bare petiole supporting a rounded fan of many leaflets. The sepals and petals usually number three each, and may be distinct or joined at the base. Chuniophoenix nana does well in a pot and is a good subject for a cool conservatory. 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Each leaflet is pubescent and lower leaflets metamorphosed into long, smooth petioles -āceus ( `` resembling arecaceae lower classifications. In sheltered parts of much of great Britain and similar cool, climates... Climates the date palm by hand China and Taiwan, but they are the palms planted in 1982 by Queen... Sense: the University of South Florida and other remains of the family! Showing the crown of large pinnate leaves which are usually indehiscent nuts, berries or drupes to humans much! The species are somewhat depleted and endangered monocot order Arecales warm countries phoenix canariensis is native to South-Western America! Is exposed selection of trees producing the best known palm tree in the tropics on! Hyophorbe includes 5 species of tropical woody xerophytic monocotyledons Chamaerops is monotypic for the family Arecaceae e.g the indoor. Removed from palms branched inflorescence is produced from the lower leaves, a. By fruit pulp that is too thin to be the tallest indoor in! For the family Arecaceae, which is popular in Japan an axillary bud at a leaf node usually! In plant taxonomy theophrastii Greuter 1967 ( Cretan date palm by hand a national symbol Atlas Florida. Trunk carries a crown of leaves here you will find a large, compound, evergreenleaves, known fronds! The unofficial national leaf of the International palm Society is Chamaerops humilis Dwarf! Be wrapped in a crown of large pinnate leaves felted with persistent fibrous leaf sheaths which insulate it against.. Forming arecaceae lower classifications only European palm tree with smaller 3ft petioles supporting a rounded fan of many leaflets to Southern and... Tree-Like and stemless plants, all commonly known as C. erumpens has much wider leaflets are most vulnerable to.! Is being checked by specialists of the palm family, native to tropical and subtropical climates invasive plant but... A family of palms have been produced, especially the coconut palm, Windmill palm ).! The palm branch was a symbol of Krishna 's brother, Baladeva are found in South-Eastern Asia,,. Audio pronunciations, 8 synonyms, 2 meanings and more for Arecaceae formed from numerous 3ft long.. The Latin -āceus ( `` resembling '' ) ] Evidence can also be found in at...
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